End-use quality of flour from Rhyzopertha dominica infested wheat

The objective of this study was to evaluate how Rhyzopertha dominica infestation of stored wheat grain affects the theological and baking properties of bread made with the milled flour. Wheat samples were infested with R. dominica and stored for up to 180 days at room temperature. Every 45 days, samples of wheat were collected and evaluated for insect population and flour yield. Flour milled from these wheat samples was evaluated for color reflectance, pH, fat acidity, and rheological properties which were measured by a farinograph. Loaves of bread were baked using a straight-dough procedure. Volume, height, and weight of the loaves were evaluated. None of the analyses performed on the control wheat flours showed any changes during the storage period, and they were similar to the initial wheat. The insect population increased during storage of the wheat up to 90 days, and the flour yield decreased with the storage up to 180 days. Flours from insect-infested wheat absorbed more water than did flours from control wheat. Dough stability and dough development times of infested flours decreased. Bread volume showed a progressive decline throughout the storage experiment. In conclusion, flour from insect-infested wheat exhibited changes in theological properties such as dough stability, dough development times, water absorption, and mixing stability; bread had an offensive odor; and volume and loaf characteristics were negatively affected.