Molecular Mechanisms of Biologically Active Compounds from Propolis in Breast Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed oncological malignancy in women. The search for better treatment alternatives has placed attention on natural products. Propolis, a resinous bee product rich in polyphenols, has important anti-proliferative properties. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of propolis and several of its constituents in breast cancer, with a special focus on those involved in their anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic activities. Their therapeutic potential in breast cancer is discussed, both individually, and in combination, identifying opportunities for future research. Synergistic effects of propolis-derived chemicals could lay the foundation for future breakthroughs in breast cancer treatment strategies.