One year air quality evaluation regarding total suspended particles (TSP) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr) in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

In the present study, the air quality of the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, México was assessed considering total suspended particulates (TSP) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr) from June 2001 through May 2002 in three monitoring sites Centro (Mazon), Noreste (CESUES) and Noroeste (CBTIS). The filter-samples used for that purpose were provided by the Air Quality Evaluation and Improvement Program (PEMCA) of the municipality of Hermosillo. The sampling method was based on high volume sampling frequency set every 6 days with non-simultaneous sampling among the three sampling sites. Filters were dissolved for metal determination by acidic-extraction, and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results indicate that TSP concentrations at Centro and Noroeste sites were frequently higher than the maximum daily permissible level (260 μg/m³), while in the three sites the annual average was higher than the maximum annual permissible level (75 μg/m³) both established in the Norm NOM-024-SSA1-1993 (SSA 1994a). According to the Air Quality Standard Index (USEPA 1992a), used in México by Air Quality Metropolitan Index (IMECA) the results indicate that the air quality in the city of Hermosillo regarding TSP was placed between no satisfactory and poor. In regard to heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr), concentrations detected were below the maximum permissible levels and/or criteria taking into account the Norm NOM-026-SSA1-1993 (SSA 1994b), the WHO criterion (2000), the European Union criterion (CEC 2003), and the European Environmental Agency criteria (EEA 2004). Such findings would mean that airborne metals are of no concern; however, air quality is still classified as no satisfactory due to the high particulate matter concentrations. Keeping air quality parameters monitoring is recommended in order to get extensive data for use in risk studies of air quality and health (morbidity/mortality), as well as topographic conditions, meteorological and urban-related conditions that may exert an influence over an official design of local air quality program.