The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data

B. A.S. Davis; S. Brewer; A. C. Stevenson; J. Guiot; J. Allen; H. Almqvist-Jacobson; B. Ammann; A. A. Andreev; J. Argant; J. Atanassova; Z. Balwierz; C. D. Barnosky; D. D. Bartley; J. L. De Beaulieu; S. C. Beckett; K. E. Behre; K. D. Bennett; B. E.B. Berglund; H. J. Beug; L. Bezusko; K. Binka; H. H. Birks; H. J.B. Birks; S. Björck; T. Bliakhartchouk; I. Bogdel; E. Bonatti; S. Bottema; E. D.B. Bozilova; R. Bradshaw; A. P. Brown; E. Brugiapaglia; J. Carrion; M. Chernavskaya; J. Clerc; M. Clet; M. Coûteaux; A. J. Craig; T. Cserny; L. C. Cwynar; K. Dambach; E. J. De Valk; G. Digerfeldt; M. F. Diot; W. Eastwood; G. Elina; L. Filimonova; L. Filipovitch; M. J. Gaillard-Lemdhal; A. Gauthier; H. Göransson; P. Guenet; V. Gunova; V. A.H. Hall; K. Harmata; S. Hicks; E. Huckerby; B. Huntley; A. Huttunen; H. Hyvärinen; E. Ilves; G. L. Jacobson; S. Jahns; V. Jankovská; J. Jóhansen; M. Kabailiene; M. G. Kelly; V. I. Khomutova; L. K. Königsson; C. Kremenetski; K. V. Kremenetskii; I. Krisai; R. Krisai; E. Kvavadze; H. Lamb; M. A. Lazarova; T. Litt; A. F. Lotter; J. J. Lowe; E. Magyari; M. Makohonienko; K. Mamakowa; J. Mangerud; B. Mariscal; V. Markgraf; null McKeever; F. J.G. Mitchell; M. Munuera; S. Nicol-Pichard; B. Noryskiewicz; B. V. Odgaard; N. K. Panova; J. Pantaleon-Cano; A. A. Paus; T. Pavel; S. M. Peglar; M. C. Penalba; W. Pennington; R. Perez-Obiol; M. Pushenko; M. Ralska-Jasiewiszowa; H. Ramfjord; J. Regnell; E. Rybnickova; M. Rybnickova; L. Saarse; M. F. Sanchez Gomez; K. Sarmaja-Korjonen; A. Sarv; H. Seppa; S. Sivertsen; A. G. Smith; E. A. Spiridonova; M. Stancikaite; J. Stefanova; D. A. Stewart; J. P. Suc; H. Svobodova; K. Szczepanek; P. Tarasov; K. Tobolski; S. P. Tonkov; J. Turner; W. O. Van der Knaap; J. F.N. Van Leeuwen; A. Vasari; Y. Vasari; C. Verbruggen; V. Vergne; S. Veski; L. Visset; I. Vuorela; A. Wacnik; M. J.C. Walker; M. P. Waller; C. S. Watson; W. A. Watts; G. Whittington; K. J. Willis; H. Willutzki; Y. Yelovicheva; E. I. Yll; E. M. Zelikson; V. P. Zernitskaya

doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2

The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data

B. A.S. Davis, S. Brewer, A. C. Stevenson, J. Guiot, J. Allen, H. Almqvist-Jacobson, B. Ammann, A. A. Andreev, J. Argant, J. Atanassova, Z. Balwierz, C. D. Barnosky, D. D. Bartley, J. L. De Beaulieu, S. C. Beckett, K. E. Behre, K. D. Bennett, B. E.B. Berglund, H. J. Beug, L. BezuskoK. Binka, H. H. Birks, H. J.B. Birks, S. Björck, T. Bliakhartchouk, I. Bogdel, E. Bonatti, S. Bottema, E. D.B. Bozilova, R. Bradshaw, A. P. Brown, E. Brugiapaglia, J. Carrion, M. Chernavskaya, J. Clerc, M. Clet, M. Coûteaux, A. J. Craig, T. Cserny, L. C. Cwynar, K. Dambach, E. J. De Valk, G. Digerfeldt, M. F. Diot, W. Eastwood, G. Elina, L. Filimonova, L. Filipovitch, M. J. Gaillard-Lemdhal, A. Gauthier, H. Göransson, P. Guenet, V. Gunova, V. A.H. Hall, K. Harmata, S. Hicks, E. Huckerby, B. Huntley, A. Huttunen, H. Hyvärinen, E. Ilves, G. L. Jacobson, S. Jahns, V. Jankovská, J. Jóhansen, M. Kabailiene, M. G. Kelly, V. I. Khomutova, L. K. Königsson, C. Kremenetski, K. V. Kremenetskii, I. Krisai, R. Krisai, E. Kvavadze, H. Lamb, M. A. Lazarova, T. Litt, A. F. Lotter, J. J. Lowe, E. Magyari, M. Makohonienko, K. Mamakowa, J. Mangerud, B. Mariscal, V. Markgraf, McKeever, F. J.G. Mitchell, M. Munuera, S. Nicol-Pichard, B. Noryskiewicz, B. V. Odgaard, N. K. Panova, J. Pantaleon-Cano, A. A. Paus, T. Pavel, S. M. Peglar, M. C. Penalba, W. Pennington, R. Perez-Obiol, M. Pushenko, M. Ralska-Jasiewiszowa, H. Ramfjord, J. Regnell, E. Rybnickova, M. Rybnickova, L. Saarse, M. F. Sanchez Gomez, K. Sarmaja-Korjonen, A. Sarv, H. Seppa, S. Sivertsen, A. G. Smith, E. A. Spiridonova, M. Stancikaite, J. Stefanova, D. A. Stewart, J. P. Suc, H. Svobodova, K. Szczepanek, P. Tarasov, K. Tobolski, S. P. Tonkov, J. Turner, W. O. Van der Knaap, J. F.N. Van Leeuwen, A. Vasari, Y. Vasari, C. Verbruggen, V. Vergne, S. Veski, L. Visset, I. Vuorela, A. Wacnik, M. J.C. Walker, M. P. Waller, C. S. Watson, W. A. Watts, G. Whittington, K. J. Willis, H. Willutzki, Y. Yelovicheva, E. I. Yll, E. M. Zelikson, V. P. Zernitskaya

Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

711 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present the first area-average time series reconstructions of warmest month, coldest month and mean annual surface air temperatures across Europe during the last 12,000 years. These series are based on quantitative pollen climate reconstructions from over 500 pollen sites assimilated using an innovative four-dimensional gridding procedure. This approach combines three-dimensional spatial gridding with a fourth dimension represented by time, allowing data from irregular time series to be 'focussed' onto a regular time step. We provide six regional reconstructed temperature time series as well as summary time series for the whole of Europe. The results suggest major spatial and seasonal differences in Holocene temperature trends within a remarkably balanced regional and annual energy budget. The traditional mid-Holocene thermal maximum is observed only over Northern Europe and principally during the summer. This warming was balanced by a mid-Holocene cooling over Southern Europe, whilst Central Europe occupied an intermediary position. Changes in annual mean temperatures for Europe as a whole suggest an almost linear increase in thermal budget up to 7800 BP, followed by stable conditions for the remainder of the Holocene. This early Holocene warming and later equilibrium has been mainly modulated by increasing winter temperatures in the west, which have continued to rise at a progressively decreasing rate up to the present day. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Original language	American English
Pages (from-to)	1701-1716
Number of pages	16
Journal	Quaternary Science Reviews
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2
State	Published - 1 Jan 2003

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10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2

Cite this

Davis, B. A. S., Brewer, S., Stevenson, A. C., Guiot, J., Allen, J., Almqvist-Jacobson, H., Ammann, B., Andreev, A. A., Argant, J., Atanassova, J., Balwierz, Z., Barnosky, C. D., Bartley, D. D., De Beaulieu, J. L., Beckett, S. C., Behre, K. E., Bennett, K. D., Berglund, B. E. B., Beug, H. J., ... Zernitskaya, V. P. (2003). The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data. Quaternary Science Reviews, 1701-1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2

Davis, B. A.S. ; Brewer, S. ; Stevenson, A. C. ; Guiot, J. ; Allen, J. ; Almqvist-Jacobson, H. ; Ammann, B. ; Andreev, A. A. ; Argant, J. ; Atanassova, J. ; Balwierz, Z. ; Barnosky, C. D. ; Bartley, D. D. ; De Beaulieu, J. L. ; Beckett, S. C. ; Behre, K. E. ; Bennett, K. D. ; Berglund, B. E.B. ; Beug, H. J. ; Bezusko, L. ; Binka, K. ; Birks, H. H. ; Birks, H. J.B. ; Björck, S. ; Bliakhartchouk, T. ; Bogdel, I. ; Bonatti, E. ; Bottema, S. ; Bozilova, E. D.B. ; Bradshaw, R. ; Brown, A. P. ; Brugiapaglia, E. ; Carrion, J. ; Chernavskaya, M. ; Clerc, J. ; Clet, M. ; Coûteaux, M. ; Craig, A. J. ; Cserny, T. ; Cwynar, L. C. ; Dambach, K. ; De Valk, E. J. ; Digerfeldt, G. ; Diot, M. F. ; Eastwood, W. ; Elina, G. ; Filimonova, L. ; Filipovitch, L. ; Gaillard-Lemdhal, M. J. ; Gauthier, A. ; Göransson, H. ; Guenet, P. ; Gunova, V. ; Hall, V. A.H. ; Harmata, K. ; Hicks, S. ; Huckerby, E. ; Huntley, B. ; Huttunen, A. ; Hyvärinen, H. ; Ilves, E. ; Jacobson, G. L. ; Jahns, S. ; Jankovská, V. ; Jóhansen, J. ; Kabailiene, M. ; Kelly, M. G. ; Khomutova, V. I. ; Königsson, L. K. ; Kremenetski, C. ; Kremenetskii, K. V. ; Krisai, I. ; Krisai, R. ; Kvavadze, E. ; Lamb, H. ; Lazarova, M. A. ; Litt, T. ; Lotter, A. F. ; Lowe, J. J. ; Magyari, E. ; Makohonienko, M. ; Mamakowa, K. ; Mangerud, J. ; Mariscal, B. ; Markgraf, V. ; McKeever ; Mitchell, F. J.G. ; Munuera, M. ; Nicol-Pichard, S. ; Noryskiewicz, B. ; Odgaard, B. V. ; Panova, N. K. ; Pantaleon-Cano, J. ; Paus, A. A. ; Pavel, T. ; Peglar, S. M. ; Penalba, M. C. ; Pennington, W. ; Perez-Obiol, R. ; Pushenko, M. ; Ralska-Jasiewiszowa, M. ; Ramfjord, H. ; Regnell, J. ; Rybnickova, E. ; Rybnickova, M. ; Saarse, L. ; Sanchez Gomez, M. F. ; Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. ; Sarv, A. ; Seppa, H. ; Sivertsen, S. ; Smith, A. G. ; Spiridonova, E. A. ; Stancikaite, M. ; Stefanova, J. ; Stewart, D. A. ; Suc, J. P. ; Svobodova, H. ; Szczepanek, K. ; Tarasov, P. ; Tobolski, K. ; Tonkov, S. P. ; Turner, J. ; Van der Knaap, W. O. ; Van Leeuwen, J. F.N. ; Vasari, A. ; Vasari, Y. ; Verbruggen, C. ; Vergne, V. ; Veski, S. ; Visset, L. ; Vuorela, I. ; Wacnik, A. ; Walker, M. J.C. ; Waller, M. P. ; Watson, C. S. ; Watts, W. A. ; Whittington, G. ; Willis, K. J. ; Willutzki, H. ; Yelovicheva, Y. ; Yll, E. I. ; Zelikson, E. M. ; Zernitskaya, V. P. / The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data. In: Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003 ; pp. 1701-1716.

@article{5282911719c74103a721c3e84b86e211,

title = "The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data",

abstract = "We present the first area-average time series reconstructions of warmest month, coldest month and mean annual surface air temperatures across Europe during the last 12,000 years. These series are based on quantitative pollen climate reconstructions from over 500 pollen sites assimilated using an innovative four-dimensional gridding procedure. This approach combines three-dimensional spatial gridding with a fourth dimension represented by time, allowing data from irregular time series to be 'focussed' onto a regular time step. We provide six regional reconstructed temperature time series as well as summary time series for the whole of Europe. The results suggest major spatial and seasonal differences in Holocene temperature trends within a remarkably balanced regional and annual energy budget. The traditional mid-Holocene thermal maximum is observed only over Northern Europe and principally during the summer. This warming was balanced by a mid-Holocene cooling over Southern Europe, whilst Central Europe occupied an intermediary position. Changes in annual mean temperatures for Europe as a whole suggest an almost linear increase in thermal budget up to 7800 BP, followed by stable conditions for the remainder of the Holocene. This early Holocene warming and later equilibrium has been mainly modulated by increasing winter temperatures in the west, which have continued to rise at a progressively decreasing rate up to the present day. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",

author = "Davis, {B. A.S.} and S. Brewer and Stevenson, {A. C.} and J. Guiot and J. Allen and H. Almqvist-Jacobson and B. Ammann and Andreev, {A. A.} and J. Argant and J. Atanassova and Z. Balwierz and Barnosky, {C. D.} and Bartley, {D. D.} and {De Beaulieu}, {J. L.} and Beckett, {S. C.} and Behre, {K. E.} and Bennett, {K. D.} and Berglund, {B. E.B.} and Beug, {H. J.} and L. Bezusko and K. Binka and Birks, {H. H.} and Birks, {H. J.B.} and S. Bj{\"o}rck and T. Bliakhartchouk and I. Bogdel and E. Bonatti and S. Bottema and Bozilova, {E. D.B.} and R. Bradshaw and Brown, {A. P.} and E. Brugiapaglia and J. Carrion and M. Chernavskaya and J. Clerc and M. Clet and M. Co{\^u}teaux and Craig, {A. J.} and T. Cserny and Cwynar, {L. C.} and K. Dambach and {De Valk}, {E. J.} and G. Digerfeldt and Diot, {M. F.} and W. Eastwood and G. Elina and L. Filimonova and L. Filipovitch and Gaillard-Lemdhal, {M. J.} and A. Gauthier and H. G{\"o}ransson and P. Guenet and V. Gunova and Hall, {V. A.H.} and K. Harmata and S. Hicks and E. Huckerby and B. Huntley and A. Huttunen and H. Hyv{\"a}rinen and E. Ilves and Jacobson, {G. L.} and S. Jahns and V. Jankovsk{\'a} and J. J{\'o}hansen and M. Kabailiene and Kelly, {M. G.} and Khomutova, {V. I.} and K{\"o}nigsson, {L. K.} and C. Kremenetski and Kremenetskii, {K. V.} and I. Krisai and R. Krisai and E. Kvavadze and H. Lamb and Lazarova, {M. A.} and T. Litt and Lotter, {A. F.} and Lowe, {J. J.} and E. Magyari and M. Makohonienko and K. Mamakowa and J. Mangerud and B. Mariscal and V. Markgraf and McKeever and Mitchell, {F. J.G.} and M. Munuera and S. Nicol-Pichard and B. Noryskiewicz and Odgaard, {B. V.} and Panova, {N. K.} and J. Pantaleon-Cano and Paus, {A. A.} and T. Pavel and Peglar, {S. M.} and Penalba, {M. C.} and W. Pennington and R. Perez-Obiol and M. Pushenko and M. Ralska-Jasiewiszowa and H. Ramfjord and J. Regnell and E. Rybnickova and M. Rybnickova and L. Saarse and {Sanchez Gomez}, {M. F.} and K. Sarmaja-Korjonen and A. Sarv and H. Seppa and S. Sivertsen and Smith, {A. G.} and Spiridonova, {E. A.} and M. Stancikaite and J. Stefanova and Stewart, {D. A.} and Suc, {J. P.} and H. Svobodova and K. Szczepanek and P. Tarasov and K. Tobolski and Tonkov, {S. P.} and J. Turner and {Van der Knaap}, {W. O.} and {Van Leeuwen}, {J. F.N.} and A. Vasari and Y. Vasari and C. Verbruggen and V. Vergne and S. Veski and L. Visset and I. Vuorela and A. Wacnik and Walker, {M. J.C.} and Waller, {M. P.} and Watson, {C. S.} and Watts, {W. A.} and G. Whittington and Willis, {K. J.} and H. Willutzki and Y. Yelovicheva and Yll, {E. I.} and Zelikson, {E. M.} and Zernitskaya, {V. P.}",

year = "2003",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2",

language = "American English",

pages = "1701--1716",

journal = "Quaternary Science Reviews",

issn = "0277-3791",

}

Davis, BAS, Brewer, S, Stevenson, AC, Guiot, J, Allen, J, Almqvist-Jacobson, H, Ammann, B, Andreev, AA, Argant, J, Atanassova, J, Balwierz, Z, Barnosky, CD, Bartley, DD, De Beaulieu, JL, Beckett, SC, Behre, KE, Bennett, KD, Berglund, BEB, Beug, HJ, Bezusko, L, Binka, K, Birks, HH, Birks, HJB, Björck, S, Bliakhartchouk, T, Bogdel, I, Bonatti, E, Bottema, S, Bozilova, EDB, Bradshaw, R, Brown, AP, Brugiapaglia, E, Carrion, J, Chernavskaya, M, Clerc, J, Clet, M, Coûteaux, M, Craig, AJ, Cserny, T, Cwynar, LC, Dambach, K, De Valk, EJ, Digerfeldt, G, Diot, MF, Eastwood, W, Elina, G, Filimonova, L, Filipovitch, L, Gaillard-Lemdhal, MJ, Gauthier, A, Göransson, H, Guenet, P, Gunova, V, Hall, VAH, Harmata, K, Hicks, S, Huckerby, E, Huntley, B, Huttunen, A, Hyvärinen, H, Ilves, E, Jacobson, GL, Jahns, S, Jankovská, V, Jóhansen, J, Kabailiene, M, Kelly, MG, Khomutova, VI, Königsson, LK, Kremenetski, C, Kremenetskii, KV, Krisai, I, Krisai, R, Kvavadze, E, Lamb, H, Lazarova, MA, Litt, T, Lotter, AF, Lowe, JJ, Magyari, E, Makohonienko, M, Mamakowa, K, Mangerud, J, Mariscal, B, Markgraf, V, McKeever, Mitchell, FJG, Munuera, M, Nicol-Pichard, S, Noryskiewicz, B, Odgaard, BV, Panova, NK, Pantaleon-Cano, J, Paus, AA, Pavel, T, Peglar, SM, Penalba, MC, Pennington, W, Perez-Obiol, R, Pushenko, M, Ralska-Jasiewiszowa, M, Ramfjord, H, Regnell, J, Rybnickova, E, Rybnickova, M, Saarse, L, Sanchez Gomez, MF, Sarmaja-Korjonen, K, Sarv, A, Seppa, H, Sivertsen, S, Smith, AG, Spiridonova, EA, Stancikaite, M, Stefanova, J, Stewart, DA, Suc, JP, Svobodova, H, Szczepanek, K, Tarasov, P, Tobolski, K, Tonkov, SP, Turner, J, Van der Knaap, WO, Van Leeuwen, JFN, Vasari, A, Vasari, Y, Verbruggen, C, Vergne, V, Veski, S, Visset, L, Vuorela, I, Wacnik, A, Walker, MJC, Waller, MP, Watson, CS, Watts, WA, Whittington, G, Willis, KJ, Willutzki, H, Yelovicheva, Y, Yll, EI, Zelikson, EM & Zernitskaya, VP 2003, 'The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data', Quaternary Science Reviews, pp. 1701-1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2

The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data. / Davis, B. A.S.; Brewer, S.; Stevenson, A. C.; Guiot, J.; Allen, J.; Almqvist-Jacobson, H.; Ammann, B.; Andreev, A. A.; Argant, J.; Atanassova, J.; Balwierz, Z.; Barnosky, C. D.; Bartley, D. D.; De Beaulieu, J. L.; Beckett, S. C.; Behre, K. E.; Bennett, K. D.; Berglund, B. E.B.; Beug, H. J.; Bezusko, L.; Binka, K.; Birks, H. H.; Birks, H. J.B.; Björck, S.; Bliakhartchouk, T.; Bogdel, I.; Bonatti, E.; Bottema, S.; Bozilova, E. D.B.; Bradshaw, R.; Brown, A. P.; Brugiapaglia, E.; Carrion, J.; Chernavskaya, M.; Clerc, J.; Clet, M.; Coûteaux, M.; Craig, A. J.; Cserny, T.; Cwynar, L. C.; Dambach, K.; De Valk, E. J.; Digerfeldt, G.; Diot, M. F.; Eastwood, W.; Elina, G.; Filimonova, L.; Filipovitch, L.; Gaillard-Lemdhal, M. J.; Gauthier, A.; Göransson, H.; Guenet, P.; Gunova, V.; Hall, V. A.H.; Harmata, K.; Hicks, S.; Huckerby, E.; Huntley, B.; Huttunen, A.; Hyvärinen, H.; Ilves, E.; Jacobson, G. L.; Jahns, S.; Jankovská, V.; Jóhansen, J.; Kabailiene, M.; Kelly, M. G.; Khomutova, V. I.; Königsson, L. K.; Kremenetski, C.; Kremenetskii, K. V.; Krisai, I.; Krisai, R.; Kvavadze, E.; Lamb, H.; Lazarova, M. A.; Litt, T.; Lotter, A. F.; Lowe, J. J.; Magyari, E.; Makohonienko, M.; Mamakowa, K.; Mangerud, J.; Mariscal, B.; Markgraf, V.; McKeever; Mitchell, F. J.G.; Munuera, M.; Nicol-Pichard, S.; Noryskiewicz, B.; Odgaard, B. V.; Panova, N. K.; Pantaleon-Cano, J.; Paus, A. A.; Pavel, T.; Peglar, S. M.; Penalba, M. C.; Pennington, W.; Perez-Obiol, R.; Pushenko, M.; Ralska-Jasiewiszowa, M.; Ramfjord, H.; Regnell, J.; Rybnickova, E.; Rybnickova, M.; Saarse, L.; Sanchez Gomez, M. F.; Sarmaja-Korjonen, K.; Sarv, A.; Seppa, H.; Sivertsen, S.; Smith, A. G.; Spiridonova, E. A.; Stancikaite, M.; Stefanova, J.; Stewart, D. A.; Suc, J. P.; Svobodova, H.; Szczepanek, K.; Tarasov, P.; Tobolski, K.; Tonkov, S. P.; Turner, J.; Van der Knaap, W. O.; Van Leeuwen, J. F.N.; Vasari, A.; Vasari, Y.; Verbruggen, C.; Vergne, V.; Veski, S.; Visset, L.; Vuorela, I.; Wacnik, A.; Walker, M. J.C.; Waller, M. P.; Watson, C. S.; Watts, W. A.; Whittington, G.; Willis, K. J.; Willutzki, H.; Yelovicheva, Y.; Yll, E. I.; Zelikson, E. M.; Zernitskaya, V. P.

In: Quaternary Science Reviews, 01.01.2003, p. 1701-1716.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data

AU - Davis, B. A.S.

AU - Brewer, S.

AU - Stevenson, A. C.

AU - Guiot, J.

AU - Allen, J.

AU - Almqvist-Jacobson, H.

AU - Ammann, B.

AU - Andreev, A. A.

AU - Argant, J.

AU - Atanassova, J.

AU - Balwierz, Z.

AU - Barnosky, C. D.

AU - Bartley, D. D.

AU - De Beaulieu, J. L.

AU - Beckett, S. C.

AU - Behre, K. E.

AU - Bennett, K. D.

AU - Berglund, B. E.B.

AU - Beug, H. J.

AU - Bezusko, L.

AU - Binka, K.

AU - Birks, H. H.

AU - Birks, H. J.B.

AU - Björck, S.

AU - Bliakhartchouk, T.

AU - Bogdel, I.

AU - Bonatti, E.

AU - Bottema, S.

AU - Bozilova, E. D.B.

AU - Bradshaw, R.

AU - Brown, A. P.

AU - Brugiapaglia, E.

AU - Carrion, J.

AU - Chernavskaya, M.

AU - Clerc, J.

AU - Clet, M.

AU - Coûteaux, M.

AU - Craig, A. J.

AU - Cserny, T.

AU - Cwynar, L. C.

AU - Dambach, K.

AU - De Valk, E. J.

AU - Digerfeldt, G.

AU - Diot, M. F.

AU - Eastwood, W.

AU - Elina, G.

AU - Filimonova, L.

AU - Filipovitch, L.

AU - Gaillard-Lemdhal, M. J.

AU - Gauthier, A.

AU - Göransson, H.

AU - Guenet, P.

AU - Gunova, V.

AU - Hall, V. A.H.

AU - Harmata, K.

AU - Hicks, S.

AU - Huckerby, E.

AU - Huntley, B.

AU - Huttunen, A.

AU - Hyvärinen, H.

AU - Ilves, E.

AU - Jacobson, G. L.

AU - Jahns, S.

AU - Jankovská, V.

AU - Jóhansen, J.

AU - Kabailiene, M.

AU - Kelly, M. G.

AU - Khomutova, V. I.

AU - Königsson, L. K.

AU - Kremenetski, C.

AU - Kremenetskii, K. V.

AU - Krisai, I.

AU - Krisai, R.

AU - Kvavadze, E.

AU - Lamb, H.

AU - Lazarova, M. A.

AU - Litt, T.

AU - Lotter, A. F.

AU - Lowe, J. J.

AU - Magyari, E.

AU - Makohonienko, M.

AU - Mamakowa, K.

AU - Mangerud, J.

AU - Mariscal, B.

AU - Markgraf, V.

AU - McKeever, null

AU - Mitchell, F. J.G.

AU - Munuera, M.

AU - Nicol-Pichard, S.

AU - Noryskiewicz, B.

AU - Odgaard, B. V.

AU - Panova, N. K.

AU - Pantaleon-Cano, J.

AU - Paus, A. A.

AU - Pavel, T.

AU - Peglar, S. M.

AU - Penalba, M. C.

AU - Pennington, W.

AU - Perez-Obiol, R.

AU - Pushenko, M.

AU - Ralska-Jasiewiszowa, M.

AU - Ramfjord, H.

AU - Regnell, J.

AU - Rybnickova, E.

AU - Rybnickova, M.

AU - Saarse, L.

AU - Sanchez Gomez, M. F.

AU - Sarmaja-Korjonen, K.

AU - Sarv, A.

AU - Seppa, H.

AU - Sivertsen, S.

AU - Smith, A. G.

AU - Spiridonova, E. A.

AU - Stancikaite, M.

AU - Stefanova, J.

AU - Stewart, D. A.

AU - Suc, J. P.

AU - Svobodova, H.

AU - Szczepanek, K.

AU - Tarasov, P.

AU - Tobolski, K.

AU - Tonkov, S. P.

AU - Turner, J.

AU - Van der Knaap, W. O.

AU - Van Leeuwen, J. F.N.

AU - Vasari, A.

AU - Vasari, Y.

AU - Verbruggen, C.

AU - Vergne, V.

AU - Veski, S.

AU - Visset, L.

AU - Vuorela, I.

AU - Wacnik, A.

AU - Walker, M. J.C.

AU - Waller, M. P.

AU - Watson, C. S.

AU - Watts, W. A.

AU - Whittington, G.

AU - Willis, K. J.

AU - Willutzki, H.

AU - Yelovicheva, Y.

AU - Yll, E. I.

AU - Zelikson, E. M.

AU - Zernitskaya, V. P.

PY - 2003/1/1

Y1 - 2003/1/1

N2 - We present the first area-average time series reconstructions of warmest month, coldest month and mean annual surface air temperatures across Europe during the last 12,000 years. These series are based on quantitative pollen climate reconstructions from over 500 pollen sites assimilated using an innovative four-dimensional gridding procedure. This approach combines three-dimensional spatial gridding with a fourth dimension represented by time, allowing data from irregular time series to be 'focussed' onto a regular time step. We provide six regional reconstructed temperature time series as well as summary time series for the whole of Europe. The results suggest major spatial and seasonal differences in Holocene temperature trends within a remarkably balanced regional and annual energy budget. The traditional mid-Holocene thermal maximum is observed only over Northern Europe and principally during the summer. This warming was balanced by a mid-Holocene cooling over Southern Europe, whilst Central Europe occupied an intermediary position. Changes in annual mean temperatures for Europe as a whole suggest an almost linear increase in thermal budget up to 7800 BP, followed by stable conditions for the remainder of the Holocene. This early Holocene warming and later equilibrium has been mainly modulated by increasing winter temperatures in the west, which have continued to rise at a progressively decreasing rate up to the present day. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AB - We present the first area-average time series reconstructions of warmest month, coldest month and mean annual surface air temperatures across Europe during the last 12,000 years. These series are based on quantitative pollen climate reconstructions from over 500 pollen sites assimilated using an innovative four-dimensional gridding procedure. This approach combines three-dimensional spatial gridding with a fourth dimension represented by time, allowing data from irregular time series to be 'focussed' onto a regular time step. We provide six regional reconstructed temperature time series as well as summary time series for the whole of Europe. The results suggest major spatial and seasonal differences in Holocene temperature trends within a remarkably balanced regional and annual energy budget. The traditional mid-Holocene thermal maximum is observed only over Northern Europe and principally during the summer. This warming was balanced by a mid-Holocene cooling over Southern Europe, whilst Central Europe occupied an intermediary position. Changes in annual mean temperatures for Europe as a whole suggest an almost linear increase in thermal budget up to 7800 BP, followed by stable conditions for the remainder of the Holocene. This early Holocene warming and later equilibrium has been mainly modulated by increasing winter temperatures in the west, which have continued to rise at a progressively decreasing rate up to the present day. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0042267248&origin=inward

UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0042267248&origin=inward

U2 - 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2

DO - 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2

M3 - Article

SP - 1701

EP - 1716

JO - Quaternary Science Reviews

JF - Quaternary Science Reviews

SN - 0277-3791

ER -

The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data

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