Xanthommatin is behind the antioxidant activity of the skin of dosidicus gigas

Jesús Enrique Chan-Higuera, Hisila Del Carmen Santacruz-Ortega, Angel A. Carbonell-Barrachina, Armando Burgos-Hernández, Rosario Maribel Robles-Sánchez, Susana Gabriela Cruz-Ramírez, Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Marine bioactive compounds have been found in very different sources and exert a very vast array of activities. Squid skin, normally considered a discard, is a source of bioactive compounds such as pigments. Recovering these compounds is a potential means of valorizing seafood byproducts. Until now, the structure and molecular properties of the bioactive pigments in jumbo squid skin (JSS) have not been established. In this study, methanol-HCl (1%) pigment extracts from JSS were fractionated by open column chromatography and grouped by thin-layer chromatography in order to isolate antioxidant pigments. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. Fractions 11-34 were separated and grouped according to flow rate values (F1-F8). Fractions F1, F3, and F7 had the lowest IC50 against ABTS•+ per milligram, and fractions F3 and F7 showed the lowest IC50 in the FRAP assay. Finally, fraction F7 had the highest DPPH• scavenging activity. The chemical structure of the F7 fraction was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. One of the compounds identified in the fraction was xanthommatin (11-(3-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl)-1-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-pyrido[3,2-a]phenoxazine-3-carboxylic acid) and their derivatives (hydro-and dihydroxanthommatin). The results show that JSS pigments contain ommochrome molecules like xanthommatin, to which the antioxidant activity can be attributed.

Original languageEnglish
Article number3420
JournalMolecules
Volume24
Issue number19
DOIs
StatePublished - 20 Sep 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT-Mexico), grant number 2174 and the author, J.E.C.H., acknowledges doctoral fellowship from CONACyT.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors.

Keywords

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Chromatography
  • Ommochromes
  • Spectroscopy
  • Xanthommatin

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