Biosynthesis and antibacterial activity of Cu and CuO nanoparticles against pathogenic microorganisms

The nanoparticles biosynthesized using eco-friendly and low-toxicity methods have emerged as a promising tool for nanotechnological applications. Green synthesis methods use phytochemicals and enzymes with antioxidant properties obtained from plant extracts (leaves, fruits, flowers, etc.), microorganisms, algae, etc., to reduce and stabilize nanoparticles without the need for external chemical agents. The advantages and disadvantages of physical and chemical methods are discussed. Biological methods are presented as a new alternative for obtaining safe, cost-effective, and efficient nanoparticles that are nontoxic for the environment. This chapter presents the advantages of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) synthesized with a green synthesis approach and their applications as antimicrobial agents against plant pathogenic microorganisms.