@article{8e5cb15129bb4e23b18976dae4040d05,
title = "Nutritional value of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) meals as ingredients in diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)",
abstract = "The nutritional value of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) meals, as ingredients in diets for Litopenaeus vannamei, was evaluated. Five experimental meals were prepared in the laboratory: whole raw cowpea (WRC), dehulled (DC), cooked (CC), germinated (GC) and extruded (EXC). The crude protein content of WRC (26.1%) increased after germination (29.5%). Carbohydrates ranged from 69.4% to 85.9%. The trypsin inhibitor activity of WRC meal was low (7.52 U/mg dry matter), and was reduced or eliminated by cooking and extrusion. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein and carbohydrate of the diet containing whole raw cowpea meal (71.1%, 85.9% and 76.7%, respectively) was similar to the control diet. Cooking and extruding of cowpea significantly increased dry matter, protein and carbohydrate digestibility in the diets. The results suggest that cowpea meals are good sources of nutrients and can be used as ingredients in diets for L. vannamei.",
keywords = "Cowpea meals, Digestibility, Feed ingredients, Litopenaeus vannamei, Vigna unguiculata",
author = "Rivas-Vega, {M. E.} and E. Goytort{\'u}a-Bores and Ezquerra-Brauer, {J. M.} and Salazar-Garc{\'i}a, {M. G.} and Cruz-Su{\'a}rez, {L. E.} and H. Nolasco and R. Civera-Cerecedo",
note = "Funding Information: This work was possible thanks to the financial support of CONACYT (Grant No. 129253 to Martha Rivas) and Projects AC 1.22 of CIBNOR and SAGARPA 2003-002-149. We thank Sonia Rocha and Dolores Rondero for their help in the proximate analysis, Alfonso Galicia and Sarai Deanda for valuable assistance during the digestibility trial, and Juan Manuel Vargas L{\'o}pez (Universidad de Sonora) for extruding cowpea. We are grateful to Alfredo Hern{\'a}ndez and Bernardo Murillo for comments and suggestions to the experimental design and statistical analyses. We also thank Ana Mar{\'i}a Ibarra and Jose Luis Ram{\'i}rez for providing the experimental organisms from the Genetic Program of CIBNOR.",
year = "2006",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.021",
language = "Ingl{\'e}s",
volume = "97",
pages = "41--49",
journal = "Food Chemistry",
issn = "0308-8146",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
number = "1",
}