TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of wheat/gluten-related disorders and gluten-free diet in paraguay
T2 - An online survey-based study
AU - Ontiveros, Noé
AU - Real-Delor, Raúl Emilio
AU - Mora-Melgem, José Antonio
AU - Beltrán-Cárdenas, Carlos Eduardo
AU - Figueroa-Salcido, Oscar Gerardo
AU - Vergara-Jiménez, Marcela de Jesús
AU - Cárdenas-Torres, Feliznando Isidro
AU - Flores-Mendoza, Lilian Karem
AU - Arámburo-Gálvez, Jesús Gilberto
AU - Cabrera-Chávez, Francisco
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are increasing around the world, but their magnitude and relevance remain unknown in most Latin American countries. Thus, an online survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of GRDs as well as adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in Paraguayan adult population. There were 1058 individuals surveyed using a validated questionnaire (response rate of 93.9%). The self-reported prevalence rates were as follows (95% CI): gluten sensitivity (GS), 10.30% (8.53–12.29); non-celiac GS (NCGS), 5.19% (3.94–6.71); physician-diagnosed ce-liac disease (PD-CD), 3.11% (2.15–4.35); wheat allergy (WA), 2.07% (1.30–3.13); and adherence to GFD, 15.69% (13.55–18.02). Excluding CD, more women than men met the criteria for GRDs, adverse food reactions, and GFD (p < 0.05). Eight respondents reported the coexistence of NCGS with PD-CD and/or WA. Most cases on a GFD indicated medical/dietitian advice for following the diet (68.07%). Non-self-reported GS individuals indicated weight control (46.4%) and the notion that the GFD is healthier (20.2%) as the main motivations for following the diet. GRDs are not uncommon in Paraguayan adult population. It seems that there is awareness about GRDs and the GFD, but training about the diagnosis of GRDs is desirable because of the informed overlapping diagnoses of CD or WA with NCGS. Future studies involving face-to-face interviews are necessary.
AB - Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are increasing around the world, but their magnitude and relevance remain unknown in most Latin American countries. Thus, an online survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of GRDs as well as adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in Paraguayan adult population. There were 1058 individuals surveyed using a validated questionnaire (response rate of 93.9%). The self-reported prevalence rates were as follows (95% CI): gluten sensitivity (GS), 10.30% (8.53–12.29); non-celiac GS (NCGS), 5.19% (3.94–6.71); physician-diagnosed ce-liac disease (PD-CD), 3.11% (2.15–4.35); wheat allergy (WA), 2.07% (1.30–3.13); and adherence to GFD, 15.69% (13.55–18.02). Excluding CD, more women than men met the criteria for GRDs, adverse food reactions, and GFD (p < 0.05). Eight respondents reported the coexistence of NCGS with PD-CD and/or WA. Most cases on a GFD indicated medical/dietitian advice for following the diet (68.07%). Non-self-reported GS individuals indicated weight control (46.4%) and the notion that the GFD is healthier (20.2%) as the main motivations for following the diet. GRDs are not uncommon in Paraguayan adult population. It seems that there is awareness about GRDs and the GFD, but training about the diagnosis of GRDs is desirable because of the informed overlapping diagnoses of CD or WA with NCGS. Future studies involving face-to-face interviews are necessary.
KW - Celiac disease
KW - Glu-ten-free diet
KW - Gluten-related disorders
KW - Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
KW - Wheat allergy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099825686&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/nu13020396
DO - 10.3390/nu13020396
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 33513886
AN - SCOPUS:85099825686
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
IS - 2
M1 - 396
ER -