TY - JOUR
T1 - Xanthommatin is behind the antioxidant activity of the skin of dosidicus gigas
AU - Chan-Higuera, Jesús Enrique
AU - Santacruz-Ortega, Hisila Del Carmen
AU - Carbonell-Barrachina, Angel A.
AU - Burgos-Hernández, Armando
AU - Robles-Sánchez, Rosario Maribel
AU - Cruz-Ramírez, Susana Gabriela
AU - Ezquerra-Brauer, Josafat Marina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors.
PY - 2019/9/20
Y1 - 2019/9/20
N2 - Marine bioactive compounds have been found in very different sources and exert a very vast array of activities. Squid skin, normally considered a discard, is a source of bioactive compounds such as pigments. Recovering these compounds is a potential means of valorizing seafood byproducts. Until now, the structure and molecular properties of the bioactive pigments in jumbo squid skin (JSS) have not been established. In this study, methanol-HCl (1%) pigment extracts from JSS were fractionated by open column chromatography and grouped by thin-layer chromatography in order to isolate antioxidant pigments. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. Fractions 11-34 were separated and grouped according to flow rate values (F1-F8). Fractions F1, F3, and F7 had the lowest IC50 against ABTS•+ per milligram, and fractions F3 and F7 showed the lowest IC50 in the FRAP assay. Finally, fraction F7 had the highest DPPH• scavenging activity. The chemical structure of the F7 fraction was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. One of the compounds identified in the fraction was xanthommatin (11-(3-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl)-1-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-pyrido[3,2-a]phenoxazine-3-carboxylic acid) and their derivatives (hydro-and dihydroxanthommatin). The results show that JSS pigments contain ommochrome molecules like xanthommatin, to which the antioxidant activity can be attributed.
AB - Marine bioactive compounds have been found in very different sources and exert a very vast array of activities. Squid skin, normally considered a discard, is a source of bioactive compounds such as pigments. Recovering these compounds is a potential means of valorizing seafood byproducts. Until now, the structure and molecular properties of the bioactive pigments in jumbo squid skin (JSS) have not been established. In this study, methanol-HCl (1%) pigment extracts from JSS were fractionated by open column chromatography and grouped by thin-layer chromatography in order to isolate antioxidant pigments. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. Fractions 11-34 were separated and grouped according to flow rate values (F1-F8). Fractions F1, F3, and F7 had the lowest IC50 against ABTS•+ per milligram, and fractions F3 and F7 showed the lowest IC50 in the FRAP assay. Finally, fraction F7 had the highest DPPH• scavenging activity. The chemical structure of the F7 fraction was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. One of the compounds identified in the fraction was xanthommatin (11-(3-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl)-1-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-pyrido[3,2-a]phenoxazine-3-carboxylic acid) and their derivatives (hydro-and dihydroxanthommatin). The results show that JSS pigments contain ommochrome molecules like xanthommatin, to which the antioxidant activity can be attributed.
KW - Antioxidant activity
KW - Chromatography
KW - Ommochromes
KW - Spectroscopy
KW - Xanthommatin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072555514&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules24193420
DO - 10.3390/molecules24193420
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 31547094
AN - SCOPUS:85072555514
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 24
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 19
M1 - 3420
ER -